Summary

• Page properties (1 modified, 0 added, 0 removed)

Details

Page properties

Content

...	...	@@ -42,10 +42,20 @@
42	42
43	43	Linde Plc has two lines of business mainly - industrial gas, and engineering. Under industrial gas the company has two business lines - atmospheric gases and process gases. The engineering side of the business builds equipment that produces industrial gases. The company serves a diverse group of industries including healthcare, chemicals and energy, manufacturing, metals and mining, food and beverage, and electronics.
44	44
	45	+== Product manufacturing processes ==
	46	+
45	45	Atmospheric gases are the highest volume products produced by Linde. Using air as its raw material, Linde produces oxygen, nitrogen and argon through several air separation processes of which cryogenic air separation is the most prevalent. Rare gases, such as krypton, neon and xenon, are also produced through cryogenic air separation. As a pioneer in the industrial gases industry, Linde developed a wide range of proprietary and patented applications and supply systems technology. Linde also led the development and commercialization of non-cryogenic air separation technologies for the production of industrial gases.{{footnote}}See SEC Filing, 2021, p.4{{/footnote}} One of the many technologies include proprietary vacuum pressure swing adsorption (“VPSA”) and membrane separation to produce gaseous oxygen and nitrogen, respectively.
46	46
	49	+Process gases, including carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, helium, specialty gases and acetylene are produced by methods other than air separation. Most carbon dioxide is purchased from by-product sources, including chemical plants, refineries and industrial processes or is recovered from carbon dioxide wells. Carbon dioxide is processed in Linde’s plants to produce commercial and food-grade carbon dioxide.
47	47
	51	+The vast majority of hydrogen produced by Linde is what is termed gray hydrogen and is derived from natural gas or methane, using steam methane reformation technology. Linde has multiple technologies to produce other types of hydrogen, including blue and green, which are both considered types of clean energy. Blue hydrogen is produced by capturing the carbon emissions from the hydrogen plant and either utilizing them in a way that stops them from being emitted or sequestering them in the subsurface for the long term.
48	48
	53	+Helium is sourced from certain helium-rich natural gas streams in the United States, with additional supplies being acquired from outside the United States. Carbon monoxide can be produced by either steam methane reforming or autothermal reforming of natural gas or other feed streams such as naphtha. Acetylene is primarily sourced as a chemical by-product, but may also be produced from calcium carbide and water.
	54	+
	55	+== Distribution processes ==
	56	+
	57	+
	58	+
49	49	= History of Linde Plc =
50	50
51	51	Linde has a long-standing history of about 140 years. The company started in 1879 when Carl Linde found the Geselleschaft für Linde's Eismaschinen in Wiesbaden, Germany together with five partners. Linde had a mechanical refrigeration system which would have clear big benefits for beer brewing industry. In 1907, Carl Linde himself travels to the United States to establish Linde Air Products as a subsidiary in the US. The venture became a successful one. Due to the first world war, Linde loses the US subsidiary due to expropriation. Linde Air Products in the USA becomes a part of the newly formed Union Carbide Corporation in 1917. Linde division from the Union Carbide is spun off in 1992 to form Praxair and the newly formed company goes public. Praxair makes a couple of major acquisitions in the subsequent years. The company acquires Liquid Carbonic, which facilitates the company to enter Carbon Dioxide market and to give it a full product line of gases. The acquisition also extended Praxair's presence in South America, Poland, and Thailand. The right that was lost in 1917 to use the name Linde, the company regains it in 1999 in the United States. Story of the subsequent years of the company is a story of a series of acquisition. In 2000, Linde acquires the Swedish gases company AGA and therefore expands the business footprint in Northern Europe and South and Middle America. In 2004, Praxair acquires Air Liquide's Germany business expanding its business in the refining, chemical and steel industries along the pipeline systems, and smaller customers in bulk, medical, specialty and packaged gases. In 2006, Linde Group is formed after Linde AG acquires BOC. In the same year, the company sells Material Handling business that becomes and part of KION and still uses Linde as a brand name. Linde acquires in 2012 Lincare, a business with Linde roots in the United States. In 2013, Praxair acquires NuCO2, a leading provider of beverage carbonation solutions in the United States giving the company opportunity to continue growing the business in the US enhancing distribution efficiency, and extending NuCO2's offerings to customers in other regions of the world. In 2016, Praxair acquires Yara International ASA's (Yara) European CO,,2,, business expanding the company's presence in resilient end-markets such as food and beverage. In 2018, Praxair and Linde are merged to form Linde Plc.