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45	45	Anglo-Swiss and Nestlé merge in 1905 to initially form Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss Milk Company. The company had more than 20 factories and started using its subsidiaries to establish a sales network across Africa, Asia, Latin America and Australia. It had two offices – one in Veyvey and another in Cham. It opened a third office in London to drive dairy export sales. Over several years the company expands its range to include unsweetened condensed milk and sterilised milk. As World War One approaches, the firm benefits from the period of prosperity known as the Belle Époque or ‘Beautiful Age’, and becomes a global dairy company.
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	47	+When the World War I was over in 1918, the skyrocketing demand for Nestlé’s canned milk slid to such a level as to lead the company into first-time, and one time so far, loss in its lifetime. The company experienced falling prices and high stock levels in 1921. As a measure to recover from that situation, banker Louis Dapples joins as Crisis Manager, and encourages the company to appoint professional manager for the first time. The company centralizes its administration and consolidates its research laboratory in Vevey Switzerland.
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	49	+The company meets a tough time again due to the great depression in 1929. Purchasing power of the customers decreased significantly during that time. However, in 1929, The company buys Switzerland’s largest chocolate company Peter-Cailler-Kohler, the origins of which date back to 1819 when François Louis Cailler creates one of the country’s first chocolate brands //Cailler//. Chocolate now becomes an integral part of the Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss business.
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	51	+Malted chocolate drink //Milo// is launched in Australia in 1934, and its success means it is later exported for sale in other markets. The company continues to develop baby and infant foods in this inter-war period, and launches //Pelargon// in 1934, a full-milk powder for babies enriched with lactic acid bacteria, to improve its digestibility.
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	53	+A competitive market for chocolate in Switzerland encourages Nestlé-Peter-Cailler-Kohler to innovate by launching //Galak// white chocolate and //Rayon//, a chocolate with honey and air bubbles, the next year. Vitamins are a major selling point for healthy products in the 1930s, and Nestlé launches vitamin supplement //Nestrovit// in 1936.
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	55	+//Nescafé// is launched in 1938 as a ‘powdered extract of pure coffee’ that retains coffee’s natural flavour, but can be prepared by simply adding hot water. The product is the brainchild of Max Morgenthaler, who begins work on it in 1929, when the Brazilian government asks Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss to find an outlet for its huge coffee surplus.
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	57	+The outbreak of World War Two in 1939 affects virtually every market, but Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss continues to operate in difficult circumstances, supplying both civilians and armed forces. In 1947, the company adds //Maggi// soups and seasonings to its product range, and adopts the name Nestlé Alimentana.
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	59	+Fearing that the Axis powers could occupy Switzerland, Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss relocates some managers to a new office in Stamford in the US, which operates as the company’s second headquarters during the war. The fighting in Europe makes it impossible for Nestlé to export milk from there, so the company supplies Africa and Asia from the US and Australia, and expands production in Latin America by 1939. World War Two initially slows sales of //Nescafé//, but they pick up as hostilities continue. After the US enters the war, Nestlé brands rapidly gain popularity among American service personnel. At the end of the war, Nescafé is also included in CARE aid supplies in Japan and Europe. //Nestea// is launched in the late 1940s.
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	61	+In 1943, Nestlé & Anglo Swiss merges with Swiss company Alimentana, which produces //Maggi// soups, bouillons and seasonings, and is renamed Nestlé Alimentana. Alimentana’s history dates back to 1884, when Julius Maggi developed a protein-rich dried soup to tackle malnutrition. The post-war period is marked by growing prosperity, and people in the US and Europe spend money on machines that make life easier, such as refrigerators and freezers. They also favour convenience foods, and Nestlé Alimentana meets this need with new products including //Nesquik// and //Maggi// ready meals.
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	63	+In 1948, In the US Nestlé Alimentana launches a soluble tea, //Nestea//, which is manufactured using the same method as //Nescafé//, and can be served both hot or cold. //Nesquik//, which dissolves easily in cold milk, is also launched in the US and becomes a top seller. Nestlé infant cereal has been available since 1948 as a powdered product, but it is rebranded as //Cerelac in 1954//. Originally only sold as a bouillon cube, //Maggi// seasoning brand //Fondor// is launched as a powder. Packaged in a convenient shaker, it can now be used as a condiment in the dining room, as well as in the kitchen.
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	65	+Canned ravioli is launched under the //Maggi// brand in 1957. Its huge success prompts Nestlé to launch more canned, prepared foods, which become a new growth segment.
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	67	+Acquisitions enable Nestlé to enter fast-growing new areas such as frozen foods, and to expand its traditional businesses in milk, coffee and canned foods. In the 1970s the company diversifies into pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It starts to attract criticism from activist groups that allege its marketing of infant food is unethical. Nestlé later becomes one the first companies to apply the WHO code on breast-milk substitutes across its business.
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	69	+=== 1981 to 2005 ===
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	71	+During the years from 1981 to 2005, following years of growth, Nestlé disposes of unprofitable brands and promotes those that satisfy increasingly health-conscious consumers, in line with its new ‘Nutrition, Health and Wellness’ ambition. The company expands in the US, Eastern Europe and Asia, and targets for global leadership in water, ice cream and animal food.
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	73	+In the period from 1981 to 2005, Nestlé made a series of acquisitions. In acquired US-based Carnation Company for USD 3 billion in 1985, UK confectionery company Rowntree Machintosh in 1988, Perrier Group of France in 1992, Italian mineral waters business Sanpellegrino Group in 1998, US pet food business Ralston Purina in 2001, licensing rights to premium producer Häagen-Dazs in the US and Canada in 2002, and Mövenpick and Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream in 2003. The company also merged with Ralston Purina, after buying it in 2001, its pet care business Nestlé Friskies Petcare in the same year to establish the new market leader in pet care – Nestlé Purina Petcare.
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	75	+During the same period, the company did a lot of expansions, product-wise. The company launched //Stouffer’s Lean Cuisine in 1981, Carnation// and //Coffee-Mate in 1985, Nespresso in 1986, KitKat//, //After Eight// and //Smarties in 1988, Nestea in 1991, Nestlé Waters// in 1993 – renamed in 2002, //Nestlé Pure Life and Aquarel in 1998.//
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	77	+=== 2006 to today ===
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	79	+Nestlé made a series of acquisition again from 2006 to onward. It acquired Jenny Craig and Australian breakfast cereals company Uncle Toby’s in 2006, Novartis Medical Nutrition, baby food company Gerber, and Swiss mineral waters concern Sources Minérales Henniez in 2007, Kraft Foods’ frozen pizza business in 2010, Wyeth Nutrition in 2012, US-based medical foods company Pamlab in 2013, Zenpep, Vital Proteins and Aimmune in 2020, and Essentia and Nuun in 2021.
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